Sea Into Adhesive Islands
LET'S talk about the sea. Imagine a vast sea area and then sprinkled with tens of thousands of islands. Think again, the sea between islands adhesive, not insulation.
AS the largest archipelagic country, Indonesia has about 17,500 islands, but only about 5,700 of them named. Vast waters to reach 3.1 million square kilometers, consisting of 2.8 million square kilometers archipelago waters and 0.3 million square kilometers of territorial sea, as well as 2.7 million square kilometers of waters of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The length of the coastline 80,791 kilometers or 43,670 miles.
Indonesia's marine territory to take two thirds of the archipelago. No wonder since the past, Nusantara colored with various struggles of life at sea. In the annals of recorded evidence that the ancestors of Indonesia dominate ocean archipelago, even able to wade through the sea to the coast of Madagascar, South Africa.
Mastery of the seas by our ancestors, both in the heyday of the kingdom of Srivijaya and the kingdoms of Bugis-Makassar, more a de facto mastery than mastery of a territorial conception and law. However, history has shown that the Indonesian people who love the sea since the first is a maritime community. But then by the colonial, Indonesia pushed inland, resulting in reduced marine life.
Determination emphasized the government back into the sea along with the launching of the Year Bahari in 1996. "The Indonesian people who in the past made history as a maritime nation has lost its way so faded nautical skills maritime soul anyway," said President Soeharto at the time.
The ancestors of the Indonesian nation has to understand and appreciate the meaning and usefulness of the sea as a means to ensure the interests of nations, such as trade and communication.
Dissertation written Edward L Poelinggomang, then recorded with the title XIX century Makassar; Maritime Trade Policy Studies, said that at about the 14th century and beginning of the 15th century there were five trading networks (commercial zones). First, the Bay of Bengal trade network, which includes the Coromandel coast of South India, Sri Lanka, Burma (Myanmar), as well as the northern and western coast of Sumatra.
Second, the Malacca Strait trade network. Third, trade networks covering the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, and South Vietnam. The network is also known as the South China Sea trade network. Fourth, the Sulu Sea trade network, which includes the west coast of Luzon, Mindoro, Cebu, Mindanao, and the northern coast of Borneo (Brunei Darussalam).
Fifth, network Java Sea, which includes the islands of Nusa Tenggara, Maluku islands, the west coast of Borneo, Java and southern Sumatra. Trade network is under the hegemony of the kingdom of Majapahit.
According to the maritime history of the University that Hasanuddin, Sulawesi was not mentioned in the five networks that trade. Port of Makassar who are in the midst of a new world trade developed around the 16th century. In the northern part of the growing network of trade Sulu Sea, in the eastern and southern Java Sea trade networks, and trading networks in western South China Sea, the Strait of Malacca, and the Bay of Bengal.
"From the documents I've read, about the 17th century Makassar port is a port of the greatest and best arrangement of space," said Edward. Until the 19th century, Makassar only giving residence permits for foreign traders so that traders from the UK, Denmark, Portugal, and Spain free to build lodges (a place to live and trade as well as a warehouse and agency representatives) around the harbor.
"Data merchant fleet strength of 1999 showed Indonesia was ranked last in the Southeast Asia. Singapore, a small country whose vast waters are also very small, marine vessel fleet ranks first in Southeast Asia. In fact, from the consideration of the area, we are the ones who most need the fleet name for connecting each island, "said Edward.
Monitoring in the Port Paotere Compass, one of the ports of the people in South Sulawesi, the statement asserted that the flotilla sailing folk Edward waning. According to Kamaruddin, a member of the People's Union of Employers Shipping (Pelra) Makassar, since 1995 there has never been rejuvenation ship. Since then people in Paotere fleet reduced half of the approximately 60 ships.
In addition to the lack of capital, the people of South Sulawesi shipping businessmen who rely on timber ships faced competition from iron vessels carrying capacity and speed is superior. "The ships were owned by big businessmen dominate the shipping lanes that had been served by the ships of the people," said Kamaruddin.
Traditional sailor services as integrating the nation in the past can not be denied. Through the interaction of trade, they are interconnected to form a bond of solidarity among ethnic groups in the archipelago. Now the Indonesian nation is only tied with the political concept that has historically proven to be robust. As a result, the bonds of inter increasingly thin.
Edward reminded, Indonesia will face a dilemma if you do not pay attention to the potential of the ocean that connects each island and is still trying to integrate the nation's political system. "The relationship of friendship more binding than political integration. So the political system is run as a means of integration, people outside of Java will say, 'Wow, this is the completion of Java', "he said.
Shipping fleet modernization during Dutch colonialism succeeded tear or antarkerajaan friendship networks between islands in the archipelago. Shipping network of people when it was restricted and replaced with the Dutch merchant fleet.
IN 1996, the government declared the Year of Bahari, the concept of the island nation began to be converted into the concept of maritime continent. Build archipelago waters that resemble continent makes Indonesia worth mentioning as maritime continent.
At the National Convention of Indonesian Maritime Continent Development, held in Makassar, South Sulawesi, in 1996, the government of Indonesia to invite people back into the sea. "The Indonesian people who in the past made history as a maritime nation, has lost his way so faded nautical skills maritime soul too." So President Seoharto in remarks made by Minister of State for Research and Technology BJ Habibie.
Indonesian Maritime Continent at the convention is defined as the natural unity between land, sea, and sky above it, uniquely arranged. It displays the characteristics of the continent with specific characteristics from the standpoint of weather and climate (climatology and meteorology), the state of the water (oceanography), the order of the earth's crust (geology), biological diversity (biological), cultural and social order (anthropology), the be within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Indonesia. The whole aspect of it directly and will not arouse emotions, behavior, and mental attitude in determining the orientation and utilization of maritime elements in all aspects of life.
One of the important things discussed at the convention is the actualization of the Archipelago as a conceptual foundation Indonesian maritime continent. Thoughts on the Archipelago of developing a national political conception of geopolitics that sees the archipelago and Indonesia are diverse tribal, ethnic, cultural, religious, and class into a single unit.
Overall it is a physical embodiment Indonesian maritime continent.
However, the concept of network development through maritime activities seem not too much going on. That among other things lasted so long is because the monopoly, including maritime sector, by a handful of entrepreneurs in the country's rich soil.
Just imagine how our ancestors were sailors had been utilizing the infrastructure of marine life: a sail, passing, trade, interact with people in other parts of the island.
Then imagine my ancestors guy singing the legendary sailor. Still jerked-entakkah or have bland sounding in the ears?
AS the largest archipelagic country, Indonesia has about 17,500 islands, but only about 5,700 of them named. Vast waters to reach 3.1 million square kilometers, consisting of 2.8 million square kilometers archipelago waters and 0.3 million square kilometers of territorial sea, as well as 2.7 million square kilometers of waters of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The length of the coastline 80,791 kilometers or 43,670 miles.
Indonesia's marine territory to take two thirds of the archipelago. No wonder since the past, Nusantara colored with various struggles of life at sea. In the annals of recorded evidence that the ancestors of Indonesia dominate ocean archipelago, even able to wade through the sea to the coast of Madagascar, South Africa.
Mastery of the seas by our ancestors, both in the heyday of the kingdom of Srivijaya and the kingdoms of Bugis-Makassar, more a de facto mastery than mastery of a territorial conception and law. However, history has shown that the Indonesian people who love the sea since the first is a maritime community. But then by the colonial, Indonesia pushed inland, resulting in reduced marine life.
Determination emphasized the government back into the sea along with the launching of the Year Bahari in 1996. "The Indonesian people who in the past made history as a maritime nation has lost its way so faded nautical skills maritime soul anyway," said President Soeharto at the time.
The ancestors of the Indonesian nation has to understand and appreciate the meaning and usefulness of the sea as a means to ensure the interests of nations, such as trade and communication.
Dissertation written Edward L Poelinggomang, then recorded with the title XIX century Makassar; Maritime Trade Policy Studies, said that at about the 14th century and beginning of the 15th century there were five trading networks (commercial zones). First, the Bay of Bengal trade network, which includes the Coromandel coast of South India, Sri Lanka, Burma (Myanmar), as well as the northern and western coast of Sumatra.
Second, the Malacca Strait trade network. Third, trade networks covering the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, and South Vietnam. The network is also known as the South China Sea trade network. Fourth, the Sulu Sea trade network, which includes the west coast of Luzon, Mindoro, Cebu, Mindanao, and the northern coast of Borneo (Brunei Darussalam).
Fifth, network Java Sea, which includes the islands of Nusa Tenggara, Maluku islands, the west coast of Borneo, Java and southern Sumatra. Trade network is under the hegemony of the kingdom of Majapahit.
According to the maritime history of the University that Hasanuddin, Sulawesi was not mentioned in the five networks that trade. Port of Makassar who are in the midst of a new world trade developed around the 16th century. In the northern part of the growing network of trade Sulu Sea, in the eastern and southern Java Sea trade networks, and trading networks in western South China Sea, the Strait of Malacca, and the Bay of Bengal.
"From the documents I've read, about the 17th century Makassar port is a port of the greatest and best arrangement of space," said Edward. Until the 19th century, Makassar only giving residence permits for foreign traders so that traders from the UK, Denmark, Portugal, and Spain free to build lodges (a place to live and trade as well as a warehouse and agency representatives) around the harbor.
"Data merchant fleet strength of 1999 showed Indonesia was ranked last in the Southeast Asia. Singapore, a small country whose vast waters are also very small, marine vessel fleet ranks first in Southeast Asia. In fact, from the consideration of the area, we are the ones who most need the fleet name for connecting each island, "said Edward.
Monitoring in the Port Paotere Compass, one of the ports of the people in South Sulawesi, the statement asserted that the flotilla sailing folk Edward waning. According to Kamaruddin, a member of the People's Union of Employers Shipping (Pelra) Makassar, since 1995 there has never been rejuvenation ship. Since then people in Paotere fleet reduced half of the approximately 60 ships.
In addition to the lack of capital, the people of South Sulawesi shipping businessmen who rely on timber ships faced competition from iron vessels carrying capacity and speed is superior. "The ships were owned by big businessmen dominate the shipping lanes that had been served by the ships of the people," said Kamaruddin.
Traditional sailor services as integrating the nation in the past can not be denied. Through the interaction of trade, they are interconnected to form a bond of solidarity among ethnic groups in the archipelago. Now the Indonesian nation is only tied with the political concept that has historically proven to be robust. As a result, the bonds of inter increasingly thin.
Edward reminded, Indonesia will face a dilemma if you do not pay attention to the potential of the ocean that connects each island and is still trying to integrate the nation's political system. "The relationship of friendship more binding than political integration. So the political system is run as a means of integration, people outside of Java will say, 'Wow, this is the completion of Java', "he said.
Shipping fleet modernization during Dutch colonialism succeeded tear or antarkerajaan friendship networks between islands in the archipelago. Shipping network of people when it was restricted and replaced with the Dutch merchant fleet.
IN 1996, the government declared the Year of Bahari, the concept of the island nation began to be converted into the concept of maritime continent. Build archipelago waters that resemble continent makes Indonesia worth mentioning as maritime continent.
At the National Convention of Indonesian Maritime Continent Development, held in Makassar, South Sulawesi, in 1996, the government of Indonesia to invite people back into the sea. "The Indonesian people who in the past made history as a maritime nation, has lost his way so faded nautical skills maritime soul too." So President Seoharto in remarks made by Minister of State for Research and Technology BJ Habibie.
Indonesian Maritime Continent at the convention is defined as the natural unity between land, sea, and sky above it, uniquely arranged. It displays the characteristics of the continent with specific characteristics from the standpoint of weather and climate (climatology and meteorology), the state of the water (oceanography), the order of the earth's crust (geology), biological diversity (biological), cultural and social order (anthropology), the be within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Indonesia. The whole aspect of it directly and will not arouse emotions, behavior, and mental attitude in determining the orientation and utilization of maritime elements in all aspects of life.
One of the important things discussed at the convention is the actualization of the Archipelago as a conceptual foundation Indonesian maritime continent. Thoughts on the Archipelago of developing a national political conception of geopolitics that sees the archipelago and Indonesia are diverse tribal, ethnic, cultural, religious, and class into a single unit.
Overall it is a physical embodiment Indonesian maritime continent.
However, the concept of network development through maritime activities seem not too much going on. That among other things lasted so long is because the monopoly, including maritime sector, by a handful of entrepreneurs in the country's rich soil.
Just imagine how our ancestors were sailors had been utilizing the infrastructure of marine life: a sail, passing, trade, interact with people in other parts of the island.
Then imagine my ancestors guy singing the legendary sailor. Still jerked-entakkah or have bland sounding in the ears?
Source :
http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0401/21/humaniora/807138.htm
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